HPV vaccine
HPV vaccine
In female malignant tumors, the incidence of cervical cancer is second only to breast cancer, and most cervical cancer is caused by HPV infection. More than 100 types of HPV have been isolated, of which at least 14 can cause cervical cancer or other malignant tumors. Globally, high-risk HPVl6 and 18 subtypes can be detected in most cervical cancers, and HPV16 subtype has the greatest potential to induce canceration. The low-risk HPV6 and HP11 subtypes were associated with most genital condyloma acuminatum and almost all recurrent respiratory papilloma. Although cancer and precancerous lesions of vulva, vagina, penis and anus are relatively rare, at least 80% of anal cancer and at least 40%~60% of vulva, vagina and penis cancer are induced by HPV. The distribution of HPV genotype varies with geographical regions, but the dominant carcinogenic genotype in all regions is HPV16 subtype. The first vaccine in the world that can prevent cervical cancer, precancerous lesions and genital warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16 and 18 has been approved.
Principle of action
A large number of laboratory and clinical research data show that the immune response of HPV host plays a very important role in controlling HPV infection and related diseases. Low immune status to HPV is prevalent in patients with HPV precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. HPV preventive vaccine mainly uses synthetic L1 late protein virus like particles with natural spatial structure as the target antigen to induce the body to produce high titer serum neutralizing antibodies to neutralize the virus and assist tumor specific killing T lymphocytes to eliminate virus infection.
clinical application
The vaccine is mainly used for women aged 9 to 26 years. At present, research on HPV vaccine mainly focuses on high-risk HPV, including preventive vaccine and therapeutic vaccine. Preventive vaccine mainly resists HPV infection by inducing effective humoral immune response, that is, the production of neutralizing antibody, while therapeutic vaccine mainly eliminates viral infection or mutated cells by stimulating cellular immune response.
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